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"Evolution, Theory of, and Islam." In The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Ed. John L. Esposito. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Aug 14, 2020. <http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e598>.
"Evolution, Theory of, and Islam." In The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. , edited by John L. Esposito. Oxford Islamic Studies Online, http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e598 (accessed Aug 14, 2020).
Debate about the theory of evoluation has pitted traditional religious scholars against modernists. The theory is denounced by most Muslim scholars, even some early modernists such as Afghani , as a refutation of Quranic theories of creation. Today the theory is taught in Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Indonesia, and several other countries. It has ben removed from the syllabus in Pakistan and is forbidden in Saudi Arabia and Sudan.